Product Details
Product Name: Node.js
Product Type: Server-side JavaScript runtime
Affected Components: Core runtime engine, filesystem access layer, memory allocation routines, HTTP/2 protocol handler
Deployment Impact: API services, backend servers, CI/CD pipelines, containerized workloads, microservices
Attack Surface: Network-exposed services, API endpoints, HTTP/2 listeners, local filesystem operations
Threat Actor Skill Level: Low to Medium
Overall Security Impact:
The identified vulnerabilities may result in unauthorized file access, exposure of sensitive data from memory, or remote denial-of-service conditions, leading to compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems.
Executive Exploitation Overview
These vulnerabilities may be abused in environments where Node.js applications are deployed with:
- Improper validation of user-controlled input
- Long-running processes retaining sensitive data in memory
- Publicly exposed HTTP/2 services
- Elevated filesystem privileges
Exploitation may lead to:
- Unauthorized reading or overwriting of application and system files
- Leakage of credentials, tokens, or secrets from process memory
- Repeated crashing of production services through malformed network traffic
While proof-of-concept techniques exist for educational and defensive validation purposes, real-world exploitation may be automated and scaled.
CVE Summary Table
| CVE Name | CVE ID | CVSS Score | Severity | Exploitability | Exploit Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Node.js Arbitrary File Access | CVE-2025-55130 | 8.6 | High | High | Educational PoC |
| Node.js Memory Disclosure | CVE-2025-55131 | 7.5 | High | Medium | Limited PoC |
| Node.js HTTP/2 Crash | CVE-2025-59465 | 7.8 | High | High | Easily reproducible |
CVE-2025-55130 — Permission Bypass Leading to Arbitrary File Read/Write
Vulnerability Description
A flaw exists in the way Node.js enforces filesystem permissions. Under specific execution paths, permission checks may be bypassed, allowing file operations to proceed without proper authorization. This behavior may be triggered when user-supplied input influences file path resolution.
Exploitation Details
By crafting file paths that abuse normalization or resolution logic, restricted files may be accessed. Both read and write operations may be performed, depending on the execution context of the Node.js process.
The vulnerability may be abused to:
- Read sensitive configuration files
- Overwrite application logic or scripts
- Modify logs or system files
- Facilitate further compromise if writable files are executed
Educational proof-of-concept techniques demonstrate exploitation using manipulated path inputs.
Detection & Monitoring
Behavioral Indicators
- Access to files outside expected application directories
- Unexpected write operations to configuration or runtime paths
- File access attempts using traversal patterns
Sigma Rule (Filesystem Abuse Detection)
title: Node.js Arbitrary File Access Attempt
id: sigma-nodejs-file-access-55130
status: experimental
description: Detects suspicious file access patterns indicative of permission bypass attempts in Node.js
logsource:
category: file_access
product: linux
detection:
selection:
FilePath|contains:
- "../"
- "/etc/"
- ".env"
- "config"
condition: selection
level: high
Log Sources
- OS audit logs
- File integrity monitoring solutions
- Application filesystem access logs
Official Patch / Upgrade
The issue has been addressed in official Node.js security releases.
Upgrade to the latest patched version:
https://nodejs.org/en/security
CVE-2025-55131 — Uninitialized Memory Leading to Secret Leakage
Vulnerability Description
Certain Node.js operations may return buffers that contain uninitialized memory. Residual data from previous memory usage may be exposed to application responses, leading to unintended disclosure of sensitive information.
Exploitation Details
Repeated invocation of affected code paths may result in partial memory disclosure. Over time, sensitive data such as authentication tokens, API keys, or cryptographic material may be leaked.
Exploitation has primarily been demonstrated through controlled educational proof-of-concept testing.
Detection & Monitoring
Behavioral Indicators
- Responses containing unexpected binary or corrupted data
- Inconsistent payload sizes from identical requests
- Repeated probing of the same endpoint
Sigma Rule (Memory Disclosure Behavior)
title: Node.js Potential Memory Disclosure
id: sigma-nodejs-memory-leak-55131
status: experimental
description: Detects abnormal response patterns that may indicate memory leakage
logsource:
category: application
product: nodejs
detection:
selection:
ResponseBody|contains:
- "\x00"
- "\xff"
condition: selection
level: medium
Log Sources
- Application response logs
- API gateway telemetry
- Web application firewall logs
Official Patch / Upgrade
Memory initialization and sanitization have been corrected in patched Node.js versions.
Upgrade to the latest secure release:
https://nodejs.org/en/security
CVE-2025-59465 — HTTP/2 Remote Process Crash (Denial of Service)
Vulnerability Description
An issue exists within the Node.js HTTP/2 module where malformed or unexpected frame sequences may trigger an unhandled exception, causing the Node.js process to terminate abruptly.
Exploitation Details
Specially crafted HTTP/2 requests may be sent remotely without authentication. Upon processing the invalid frames, the application may crash, resulting in denial of service.
Educational testing has confirmed that exploitation is straightforward and repeatable.
Detection & Monitoring
Behavioral Indicators
- Sudden Node.js process termination
- Repeated service restarts
- HTTP/2 protocol parsing errors
Sigma Rule (HTTP/2 DoS Attempt)
title: Node.js HTTP/2 Crash Attempt
id: sigma-nodejs-http2-dos-59465
status: experimental
description: Detects malformed HTTP/2 requests that may cause Node.js process crashes
logsource:
category: network
product: proxy
detection:
selection:
Protocol: "HTTP/2"
RequestHeaders|contains:
- "invalid"
- "malformed"
condition: selection
level: high
Log Sources
- Reverse proxy logs
- Load balancer telemetry
- Application crash logs
- Process supervisors (PM2, systemd)
Official Patch / Upgrade
HTTP/2 frame validation has been hardened in patched releases.
Upgrade to the latest Node.js version:
https://nodejs.org/en/security
Risk Mitigation & Hardening Recommendations
- Upgrade Node.js to the latest officially patched version
- Enforce strict filesystem permissions at OS level
- Avoid using user input directly in file operations
- Disable HTTP/2 if not required
- Implement process monitoring and automatic recovery
- Store secrets using secure vaults rather than in-memory variables
- Apply runtime application self-protection where feasible
