CVE ID: CVE-2025-15446
Vulnerability Type: SQL Injection
Affected Product: Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System
Affected Versions: All versions up to 2025-12-23
Affected Component: /assetsGroupReport/fixedAssetsList.jsp
Attack Vector: Remote
Authentication Required: No
User Interaction: None
Exploit Availability: Publicly available
Exploitability: High
CVSS v3.1 Score: 9.8 (Critical)
Severity: Critical
Impact: Database compromise, data leakage, potential system takeover
Patch Status: No response from vendor at the time of disclosure
Overview
CVE-2025-15446 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in the Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System, a widely used enterprise collaboration and office automation platform. The flaw exists in the backend processing logic of the file:
/assetsGroupReport/fixedAssetsList.jsp
The vulnerability is triggered due to improper sanitization of the unitCode HTTP parameter, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL queries directly into backend database operations.
This issue can be exploited remotely and without authentication, making it especially dangerous in internet-exposed environments. Proof-of-concept exploits have already been published, and active exploitation is considered highly likely.
Technical Details
Root Cause
The application dynamically builds SQL queries using user-supplied input from the unitCode parameter without applying:
- Input validation
- Parameterized queries
- Escaping or encoding
Because of this, attackers can manipulate SQL syntax and alter database queries executed by the server.
Vulnerable Endpoint
GET /assetsGroupReport/fixedAssetsList.jsp?unitCode=VALUEThe application directly inserts unitCode into an SQL statement, making it vulnerable to injection.
Exploitation Details
How the Vulnerability Can Be Exploited
An attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious unitCode value. The injected SQL executes in the context of the application’s database user.
Depending on database permissions, an attacker may:
- Dump sensitive business data
- Read user credentials and hashes
- Modify or delete database records
- Escalate access within the OA system
- Potentially execute system-level commands (in advanced scenarios)
Example Attack Payloads
Basic SQL Injection Test
unitCode=1' OR '1'='1Database Enumeration
unitCode=1' UNION SELECT null,username,password FROM users--Time-Based Blind SQL Injection
unitCode=1' AND SLEEP(5)--Boolean-Based Blind Injection
unitCode=1' AND 1=1--
unitCode=1' AND 1=2--Impact Analysis
| Impact Area | Description |
|---|---|
| Confidentiality | Full database disclosure |
| Integrity | Unauthorized data manipulation |
| Availability | Database corruption or denial of service |
| Business Risk | Exposure of internal assets, compliance violations |
MITRE ATT&CK Mapping
- T1190 – Exploit Public-Facing Application
The attacker exploits a web-facing OA system endpoint. - T1059 – Command and Scripting Interpreter (possible follow-on)
If database-level command execution is achieved. - T1005 – Data from Local System
Extraction of internal enterprise data.
Detection & Monitoring
Log Sources to Monitor
- Web server access logs (Apache / Nginx / IIS)
- Application server logs
- Database query logs
- Web Application Firewall (WAF) logs
Indicators of Compromise
- Repeated requests to
/assetsGroupReport/fixedAssetsList.jsp - Presence of SQL keywords in URL parameters:
UNIONSELECTSLEEP' OR '1'='1
- Unusual response times (may indicate time-based SQL injection)
- Database errors returned in HTTP responses
Sample Detection Rules
WAF Rule Logic (Conceptual)
IF request.uri CONTAINS "/assetsGroupReport/fixedAssetsList.jsp"
AND request.parameters.unitCode MATCHES "(union|select|sleep|--|')"
THEN block request
SIEM Detection Pattern
- High frequency of requests with special characters (
',",--,;) - Multiple failed or malformed SQL queries logged by the database
- Abnormal response size variations
Proof of Concept (PoC)
Public proof-of-concept exploits demonstrate that the vulnerability can be reliably exploited using both manual tools (browser, curl) and automated scanners. The PoC confirms:
- Remote exploitation
- No authentication required
- Consistent SQL execution
Mitigation & Remediation
Immediate Mitigations
- Restrict public access to the OA system using IP allowlists
- Deploy or update a Web Application Firewall
- Monitor and alert on suspicious SQL-related request patterns
- Disable unused reporting modules if possible
Long-Term Fix
The only reliable solution is to apply an official vendor patch once available.
Official Patch
- Vendor: Seeyon Zhiyuan
- Patch Source: Official Seeyon Zhiyuan security update portal
- Recommendation: Upgrade to a version released after 2025-12-23 once a fix is published
At the time of disclosure, the vendor was notified but did not provide a response or patch.
Security Best Practices Going Forward
- Enforce prepared statements for all database interactions
- Validate and whitelist all HTTP parameters
- Apply least-privilege access to database accounts
- Regularly audit OA systems exposed to the internet
- Conduct periodic penetration testing on enterprise applications
Final Takeaway
CVE-2025-15446 represents a high-risk, easily exploitable SQL injection flaw in a widely deployed enterprise OA system. Given the lack of authentication requirements, public exploit availability, and absence of an immediate vendor fix, organizations using Seeyon Zhiyuan OA should treat this issue as urgent and take defensive measures without delay.
